Effects of Intrathecal Ketamine on Cerebrospinal Fluid Levels of Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor and Mechanical Allodynia in a Rat Model of Mild Traumatic Brain Injury

Authors
Jiyoun Lee, Soeun Jeon, Nara Kim, Sangmin Choi, Wangseok Do, Jae-Rin Kim, Eunsoo Kim, Jeong-Min Hong, Jiseok Baik


Lab

Journal
Medical Science Monitor : International Medical Journal of Experimental and Clinical Research

Abstract
Our study has several limitations. First, we could not use different ketamine concentrations, which may have helped elucidate the effects of ketamine based on its concentration. Second, administering ketamine at different time points could have led to varied outcomes. As the mechanism of neuropathic pain remains incompletely understood, consistent time frames for ketamine injections after injury must be established to enable comparison across studies. Furthermore, owing to differences in protocols, such as ketamine dosage and infusion periods, further large-scale quantitative studies are warranted to gain a comprehensive mechanistic understanding of the effect of ketamine in development of neuropathic pain. Third, our results were presumed to be derived from a single isomer rather than from a racemic mixture of ketamine. Ketamine contains the enantiomers (R)-ketamine and (S)-ketamine; its neurotoxicity depends on the enantiomeric form. Several cases of subpial vacuolar myelopathy, spinal vessel vasculitis, central chromatolysis, nerve cell shrinkage, microglial upregulation, and gliosis have been reported based on post-mortem histological findings after intrathecal (S)-ketamine injection [29-31]. Furthermore, since each ketamine enantiomer has a different potency and duration of action, its effect as an antidepressant and on BDNF-TrkB signaling and synaptogenesis differs based on the enantiomer [32]. The results of our experiment are similar to those of previous studies [29-31] on the effects of S-ketamine. To prevent this result in advance, an experiment using a single isomer is necessary. As in previous studies, our study focused on the effects of drugs used in vivo in clinical practice, which may have limited our findings. Future research may find differences in the effects of ketamine on the expression of neuropathic pain based on its enantiomers.

Keywords/Topics
Brain Injuries , Traumatic ; Brain - Derived Neurotrophic Factor ; Cerebrospinal Fluid ; Hyperalgesia ; Ketamine

BIOSEB Instruments Used:
Von Frey Filaments (BIO-VF-M)

Source :

https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10845787/

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